20/08/2025
চলুন জেনে নেই 👇 ViVa Question?
📌Routes of Drugs Administration
The route of drug administration refers to the path by which a drug is taken into the body. Different routes affect how quickly and effectively a drug works. Here are the main types:
✅@1. Oral (PO)
How: By mouth (tablet, capsule, syrup).
Example: Paracetamol, antibiotics.
Advantages: Easy, safe, convenient.
Disadvantages: Slow action, may be affected by food or stomach acid.
✅ 2. Sublingual
How: Under the tongue.
Example: Nitroglycerin.
Advantages: Fast absorption into blood.
Disadvantages: Not suitable for all drugs.
✅ 3. Re**al
How: Through the re**um (suppository, e***a).
Example: Paracetamol suppository.
Advantages: Useful if vomiting or unconscious.
Disadvantages: Uncomfortable, variable absorption.
✅ 4. Intravenous (IV)
How: Injected into a vein.
Example: Saline, antibiotics, insulin in emergency.
Advantages: Very fast action, 100% bioavailability.
Disadvantages: Requires sterile technique, risk of infection.
✅ 5. Intramuscular (IM)
How: Injected into a muscle.
Example: Vaccines, painkillers.
Advantages: Absorbed faster than oral.
Disadvantages: Pain, risk of nerve damage.
✅ 6. Subcutaneous (SC)
How: Injected under the skin.
Example: Insulin, heparin.
Advantages: Slow, steady absorption.
Disadvantages: Can cause irritation.
✅ 7. Inhalation
How: Breathed into lungs (inhaler, nebulizer).
Example: Salbutamol for asthma.
Advantages: Rapid effect on lungs.
Disadvantages: Requires proper technique.
✅ 8. Topical
How: Applied to skin or mucous membrane.
Example: Creams, ointments, eye/ear drops.
Advantages: Local effect, minimal side effects.
Disadvantages: Limited absorption.
✅ 9. Transdermal
How: Patch on skin that releases drug.
Example: Ni****ne patch, hormone patch.
Advantages: Long-term effect.
Disadvantages: Slow onset.
Mr.Nurse
