09/10/2026
As one of Alachua County's oldest communities, Rochelle was originally named Perry Junction after Governor Madison Starke Perry, whose plantation was located there, and was later known as Gruelle. The town initially developed as a citrus hub and a major railway junction. In 1882, the Florida Southern Railway built a narrow-gauge line through Rochelle connecting Palatka, Gainesville, and Ocala. Later, it served as a daily stopover between Jacksonville and St. Petersburg on the Plant Railway System main line. However, the Great Freeze of 1894–95 devastated the local economy, prompting most settlers and tourists to move further south. Development stalled, leaving behind only a few surviving structures from its era as a thriving town.
Among the finest remaining structures is the historic schoolhouse, built around 1885 and originally known as the Martha Perry Institute. The school stands on land formally deeded in 1889 by Miss Sallie Perry, the governor's daughter, to school trustees A. F. Zetrouer and T. F. Kennedy for a "white Public and Private School Lot." Evidence indicates the school was functioning before this official land transfer: school board minutes record an operating white school as early as September 1887, employing one teacher for $45 a month over a five-month term (extended to seven months in April 1890 as attendance reached 80%). Additionally, W. S. Webb's 1885 history of Florida notes that Rochelle already contained two sawmills, two churches, 25 residences, and two schools (one white and one colored, with the white school established first).
The school operated continuously until 1935. Today, the privately owned building remains well preserved, still housing its original school bell and many student desks.