06/03/2026
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s karst rivers flow through caves and sinkholes, creating unique habitats that support exceptional biodiversity. Rivers such as the Buna, Bregava and Neretva have shaped the landscape for millennia, while the region’s caves host many highly specialized and vulnerable species. This biodiversity is threatened by the Upper Horizons hydropower project, which is expected to significantly alter Herzegovina’s hydrology. Researchers documenting these ecosystems have rediscovered Telestes dabar, a fish once thought extinct, and identified a new cave beetle and parasitic fungus, both likely found nowhere else. Using environmental DNA, barcoding and traditional taxonomy, the team is mapping hidden biodiversity and supporting conservation efforts. Yet many species remain undiscovered, and ongoing construction means time is running out to protect them. Last in this series is a photograph of Dr. Iva Njunjić taking a specimen from a cave called Provalija.