26/01/2026
This past week at the World Economic Forum, the world was introduced to potential shifts in the world order, including discussion that may affect the United States’ involvement with NATO.
In moments like this, it is essential to ground public conversation in historical context: why NATO was formed, who joined the alliance, why Article 5 matters, and why NATO has long been connected to global democracy and peace.
NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was signed on April 4, 1949, as a mutual defense pact during the early Cold War. The alliance began with 12 founding members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United States.
A defining principle of NATO is Article 5 (collective defense), which in practical terms establishes that if one member is attacked, the others agree to assist in defending it.
Collective defense has been a central mechanism of deterrence and stability for decades. If the U.S. were no longer part of NATO, the implications would be significant, reshaping strategic commitments, alliance cohesion, and the balance of power across Europe and beyond.
To fully understand NATO, it helps to look at the broader geopolitical landscape it was built within. The Soviet Union (and later Russia) was not part of NATO because NATO was formed amid fears of Soviet expansion after WWII. China is also not part of NATO.
Check out this HISTORY Channel explainer as a helpful starting point as the world order continues to shift.
The United States and 11 other nations establish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a mutual defense pact...