09/07/2026
The San Fermín festival, held every July in Pamplona, Spain, is best known for the famous Running of the Bulls (Encierro). The tradition dates back to the Middle Ages, when bulls were herded through the city's streets to the bullring. Over time, locals began running alongside the animals, turning a practical task into one of the world's most iconic festivals.
Each morning from July 7 to 14, six fighting bulls and several steers race through an 875-meter route from the corrals to the bullring. Thousands of participants from Spain and around the world, dressed in the traditional white clothing with red scarves, attempt to run ahead of the bulls. The run lasts only a few minutes but carries a significant risk of injury from falls, trampling, or goring.
The festival attracts people of all ages and backgrounds, including local residents, experienced runners, tourists, photographers, and spectators who gather along the route and in balconies overlooking the streets. Beyond the bull run, San Fermín is also a week-long celebration featuring music, dancing, parades, fireworks, and religious events honoring Saint Fermín, the city's patron saint.
Despite its cultural significance and long history, San Fermín remains controversial. Animal welfare organizations criticize the event because the bulls that run through the streets are later used in bullfights, where they are ki**ed. Supporters argue that the festival is an important part of Spain's cultural heritage and local identity, while opponents call for an end to traditions involving animal suffering. As a result, San Fermín continues to spark debate between preserving historical customs and evolving views on animal welfare.
