07/02/2026
The Camiguin bulbul (Hypsipetes catarmanensis) is considered "endemic" because it is a native species that naturally occurs only on the island of Camiguin in the Philippines.
Its recognition as a unique endemic entity occurred in two main stages:
1969 (Discovery as a Subspecies): The bird was first scientifically described in 1969 by Austin L. Rand and Dioscoro S. Rabor. At that time, it was classified as a subspecies of the more widespread Yellowish Bulbul and named Ixos everetti catarmanensis.
2021 (Recognition as a Full Species): In recent years, researchers determined that its distinct plumage, larger bill, and unique vocalizations warranted its classification as a separate species. It was officially "split" and recognized as a full endemic species by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC) in 2021.
While it has lived exclusively on Camiguin for thousands of years, it has only been scientifically acknowledged as a distinct species for roughly five years. It is currently categorized as Near Threatened due to its extremely small and restricted range.
📷 credits to Steve Yocum