02/26/2026
The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is one of the most recognizable birds in the world and serves as the national symbol of the United States. Despite its name, the bird is not actually bald—the word “bald” comes from an old English term meaning white-headed. Adult bald eagles are easily identified by their striking white head and tail, dark brown body, and powerful yellow beak and talons. These birds can have wingspans reaching over 7 feet (about 2.1 meters), making them among the largest birds of prey in North America.
Bald eagles are expert hunters and are especially known for their fishing skills. They typically live near large bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, and coastal regions where fish are abundant. Using their sharp eyesight—estimated to be several times stronger than human vision—they can spot prey from high in the sky before swooping down at impressive speeds to grab fish with their curved talons. Although skilled hunters, bald eagles are also opportunistic and will sometimes steal food from other birds or feed on carrion.
These birds build some of the largest nests of any bird species. A bald eagle’s nest, called an eyrie, is usually placed high in tall trees or on cliffs and can grow larger each year as the pair adds new material. Some nests have been recorded at over 9 feet wide and weighing more than a ton. Bald eagles often mate for life, returning to the same nesting area year after year to raise one to three chicks.
The bald eagle’s story is also an important conservation success. By the mid-20th century, populations had drastically declined due to habitat loss, hunting, and especially the pesticide DDT, which weakened eggshells. After strong environmental protections, including the banning of DDT and protection under conservation laws, bald eagle numbers rebounded dramatically. In 2007, the species was officially removed from the U.S. endangered species list, becoming one of the most celebrated wildlife recovery stories in history.
Today, bald eagles can be found across much of North America, from Alaska and Canada to parts of the continental United States and northern Mexico. Seeing one in the wild is often considered a special experience because of its size, grace, and symbolic importance. Their recovery reminds people that conservation efforts can successfully protect wildlife when communities and governments work together.