02/13/2026
Badger’s Land History: How did the land get this way?
Mike Mossman, a founding member and President of the Badger History Group, gave a talk Wednesday night as part of their 2025-26 BHG Lecture Series. Mossman's discussion focused on the land once occupied by the Badger Army Ammunition Plant; its geologic origins, it's various phases of human occupation and its plans for the future.
The 14,000 acre Sauk Prairie once stretched from Prairie du Sac to the Baraboo Hills and was covered in high grasses and countless flowers of every color. Oak Savannas doted the landscape and was home to a variety of wildlife including elk and bison, along with a large diversity of birds.
When the last ice sheet advanced from the east 10,000 to 15,000 years ago, it stopped in this area where it stood for thousands of years. As its front edge melted, it continued to advance depositing rock and soil it scraped up from eastern Wisconsin. These accumulated materials left a terminal moraine (low ridge) that wound its way southwest across what would become the Badger Ammunition Plant towards the future Prairie du Sac dam and continued across southern Wisconsin. Sand and gravel washed out beyond the moraine, forming a flat outwash plain that eventually became the Sauk Prairie. As the climate dried and warmed, the area was covered with windblown silt where meadows formed with 8-foot high grasses surrounded by groves of oak trees.
These lands relied on periodic fires to control vegetation growth, first by lightning and then by the Woodland people and eventually the Ho-Chunk people that occupied the area before their forced removal.
With the arrival of pioneer settlers starting in the 1830's, the area was converted to farmland and most of the original landscape was plowed under.
After another forced removal, this time over 80 farm families, the land was significantly altered once again with the construction of the 7,354-acre Badger Ordnance Works in 1942. When the powder plant was decommissioned in 1997, conservation efforts were underway to transform the space once again.
Now known as the Sauk Prairie State Recreation Area, it is jointly managed by the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Ho-Chunk Nation, Bluffview Sanitary District with the Sauk Prairie Conservation Alliance and the Badger History Group (along with countless other volunteers) heavily involved with conservation efforts. Approximately 3,400 acres of the DNR controlled portion are open to the public for exploration, biking, hiking, bird watching, nature studies, picking mushrooms and berries, hunting, trapping, exploring historical points of interest and other activities. The Great Sauk State Trail also passes thru the area.
Mike Mossman is an ecologist and historian who has been studying the Sauk County area for decades. The Badger History Museum is located just inside the Sauk Prairie State Recreation Area, south of Devil's Lake State Park with the entrance directly off of US Highway 12 about 8 miles south of Baraboo and 9 miles north of Sauk City. The Museum is the white building on the right just after entering. Be sure to visit the museum and follow their page for more presentations and events.
Learn More:
https://badgerhistorygroup.org
https://www.youtube.com/-BHG