07/12/2022
BRIEFLY ABOUT CRYPTOGRAPHY AND ITS ORIGIN.
Cryptography is a method of information security.
The name comes from the Greek word cryptos (hidden).
Cryptography uses techniques such as thumbnails, masking words in images, and other ways to hide information that is stored or transmitted.
The roots of cryptography date back 4,000 years ago, when the Egyptian sages used complex pictograms, the meaning of which is clear only to initiated people.
The first known use of ciphers is Julius Caesar. He coded the exchange of information with his commanders. To do this, he replaced each character in the text with a letter three positions forward in the Latin alphabet.
In today's computer-dominated world, cryptography is most often associated with changing the way plain text is written to encrypted text (a process called encryption) and vice versa (a process known as decryption).
Specialists in this field are called cryptographers.
Modern cryptography seeks to achieve four goals.
The first is confidentiality, in other words, the fact that information is understood only by the person for whom it is intended and by no one else.
Secondly, to prevent any change in the data during their transmission from the sender to the recipient.
The third is to provide clear mechanisms for linking encrypted data to the recipient and sender.
Last but not least, methods of identification or, in other words, ensuring that the encoded data gets to the right recipient.
Procedures and systems that meet these four conditions are called cryptosystems.
These are not only programs and mechanisms for encrypting text and data, but also procedures for regulating human activity.
These include forcing users to come up with more difficult-to-guess passwords, systems to automatically reset session parameters after a period of user inactivity, and more.
